a (в закрытом слоге) | / æ / | bag, bad, hand |
a (исключение: в открытом слоге) | / æ / | have |
arr | / æ / | barrel |
wa (перед x, ck, g) | / æ / | wax, wagon, wacky |
i (в открытом слоге, не перед r) | / aɪ / | fine, pie |
y (в открытом слоге, не перед r) | / aɪ / | type, bye |
y (в конце односложного) | / aɪ / | my, sky, fly |
ind | / aɪ / | kind, mind, blind, find, wind |
igh | / aɪ / | high, might, flight, sigh, night |
ild | / aɪ / | child, wild |
ign | / aɪ / | sign |
i (в закрытом слоге) | / ɪ / | sit, fit, hit |
i (исключение: в открытом слоге, не перед r) | / ɪ / | give |
y (в закрытом слоге) | / ɪ / | myth |
y (в безударном, середине / конце) | / ɪ / | synonym |
e (в безударном, начале / середине) | / ɪ / | begin |
ind | / ɪ / | wind |
e (в открытом слоге) | / iː / | eve, meter |
ee | / iː / | steel, meet, see, reel, heel, beet, reed, feet |
ea | / iː / | steal, meat, sea, real, heal, beat, read, feat |
ie | / iː / | piece, believe, relief, priest, grief |
ei | / iː / | ceiling, seize, receive, deceive, perceive |
e (в конце односложного) | / iː / | he, me, be, she |
e (закрытый слог) | / e / | set, theft |
ea | / e / | pleasant, heavy |
ead | / e / | head, bread, dead |
a (открытый слог) | / eɪ / | cake, make, rate |
ei | / eɪ / | vein, rein |
ey | / eɪ / | grey, obey, prey, survey |
ai | / eɪ / | main, rain, mail, hail, sail |
ay | / eɪ / | day, May, say, pay, betray |
eigh | / eɪ / | weigh, freight, neighbour, sleigh |
ould | / ʊ / | would, should, could |
ook | / ʊ / | book, cook |
ood | / ʊ / | hood, good |
u (закрытый слог) | / ʊ / | put, pull |
ull | / ʊ / | pull, full, bull |
ru (в открытом слоге) | / uː / | rule |
lu (в открытом слоге) | / uː / | blue |
ju (в открытом слоге) | / uː / | June |
oo | / uː / | boot, tooth, food, loop, troops, fool |
ou | / uː / | soup |
ew (перед l, r, j) | / uː / | flew, brew |
ough | / uː / | through |
ew | / juː / | few, news, nephew, stew, steward |
eu | / juː / | European, euro |
u (открытый слог) | / juː / | mute, cute |
o (закрытый слог) | / ɒ / | hot, box, bottle |
oll | / ɒ / | doll |
wa (под ударением) | / ɒ / | was, want, wash |
wha (под ударением) | / ɒ / | what |
or + согласная | / ɔː / | pork, fork, passport |
or + гласная | / ɔː / | more, adore, ignore |
oor | / ɔː / | door, floor |
our + согласная (кроме r) | / ɔː / | source |
aw | / ɔː / | crawl, awful, lawn, law, paw |
au | / ɔː / | autumn, audit, author, pause, launch |
aught | / ɔː / | naughty, daughter, slaughter |
ought | / ɔː / | bought, brought, fought, thought |
orse | / ɔː / | horse, worse |
war + согласная | / ɔː / | war, warm, ward |
whar + согласная | / ɔː / | wharf |
all | / ɔː / | mall , stall |
alk | / ɔː / | walk, talk, chalk, stalk |
ald | / ɔː / | bald |
oi | / ɔɪ / | coin, point, soil, noise, voice |
oy | / ɔɪ / | boy, toy, joyful, enjoy, employ |
ar + согласная | / ɑː / | dark, car, farm, part, garden |
alf | / ɑː / | calf, half |
ass | / ɑː / | pass, class |
ast | / ɑː / | past, cast |
alm | / ɑː / | palm, calm |
ath | / ɑː / | path, bath |
ask | / ɑː / | task, ask |
eart | / ɑː / | heart |
asp | / ɑː / | gasp |
arm | / ɑː / | harm |
ant | / ɑː / | plant |
ir + гласная | / aɪə / | tire, mire |
yr + гласная | / aɪə / | tyre |
y + гласная (в начале слова) | / j / | young, yesterday |
y (после гласной в конце слова) | / j / | toy, boy, ray |
er + согласная | / ɜ: / | berth, term, germ, service, her |
ur + согласная | / ɜ: / | turn, burn, nurse, curse, surface |
ir + согласная | / ɜ: / | bird, third, birthday, girl, flirt |
yr + согласная | / ɜ: / | myrrh |
ear + согласная | / ɜ: / | earl |
eard | / ɜ: / | heard |
wor (в начале слова) | / ɜ: / | worm, work |
ere | / ɜ: / | were |
er + гласная | / ɪə / | mere, sincere, severe, sphere |
eard | / ɪə / | beard |
eird | / ɪə / | weird |
ear (в конце слова) | / ɪə / | ear, clear, dear, near |
eer | / ɪə / | deer, cheer , peer |
ear | / eə / | pear, bear, wear, tear, swear |
air | / eə / | chair, air, fair, hair, pair |
are | / eə / | bare, ware , careful, share |
er + гласная | / eə / | there, where |
eir | / eə / | heir, their |
ure | / juə / | cure, pure, lure, endure, secure |
ure | / uə / | sure |
our | / uə / | pour |
oor | / uə / | poor, boor |
ou | / aʊ / | loud, proud, ground, sound, pound |
ow | / aʊ / | down, town, brown, crown, row |
own | / aʊ / | gown, brown |
our | / aʊə / | our, sour, flour |
ower | / aʊə / | power, tower |
o (открытый слог) | / əʊ / | note |
o (в конце односложных слов) | / əʊ / | go, no, so |
o (в безударном, в конце) | / əʊ / | photo, tomato |
old | / əʊ / | old, cold, gold, folder, soldier |
ow | / əʊ / | crow, row, low, own, mow |
oa | / əʊ / | soap, goat, moan, boat, coat |
ough | / əʊ / | though |
olk | / əʊ / | folk |
oll | / əʊ / | roll |
ost | / əʊ / | post, most, host |
ove (перед согласной) | / əʊ / | stove, rove |
ar (в конце слова, не под ударением) | / ə / | popular |
or (в конце слова, не под ударением) | / ə / | actor |
er (в безударном слоге) | / ə / | yesterday, waiter |
ur (в безударном слоге) | / ə / | Saturday |
a (в безударном слоге) | / ə / | about |
o (в безударном слоге) | / ə / | control |
u (в безударном слоге) | / ə / | album |
on (перед согласной) | / ʌ / | son, London |
ome (перед согласной) | / ʌ / | some, come |
ove (перед согласной) | / ʌ / | love, dove, glove |
ouble | / ʌ / | trouble, double |
ouple | / ʌ / | couple |
ood | / ʌ / | blood |
ull | / ʌ / | dull |
ough | / ʌf / | enough, rough, tough, slough |
l | / l / | crawl, law, fly |
sh | / ʃ / | ship, she, push, bush, mushroom |
su (в начале слова) | / ʃ / | sure, sugar |
ssure | / ʃ / | pressure |
cious | / ʃ / | precious |
cian | / ʃ / | musician |
sion | / ʃ / | pension, passion, session, tension |
tion | / ʃ / | station, intention, nation, sensation |
ch | / tʃ / | chair, pinch, champaign |
tch (после краткого гласного) | / tʃ / | fetch, match |
ture | / tʃə / | nature, culture, furniture, literature |
zh | / ʒ / | Zhukov |
s (между гласными, перед i, u) | / ʒ / | visual, usual |
sure | / ʒə / | pleasure, leisure, measure, treasure |
sion | / ʒn / | vision, division, decision, invasion |
ough | / f / | enough, rough, tough |
ph | / f / | photo, phone, physics, philosophy |
ght | / t / | fight, knight, sight |
s | / s / | sister, sound, see |
s (окончание после глухих) | / s / | cats |
ps | / s / | psycho, psychology |
c (перед e, i, y) | / s / | cent, precios, cinema |
sc | / s / | scene, science |
ss | / s / | pass, class |
sw | / s / | answer |
st | / s / | listen, fasten |
stle | / sl / | whistle, castle, bustle |
kn | / n / | knit , know, knife, knot |
gn | / n / | gnat , gnaw |
th | / ð / | that, other, mother, weather |
th | / θ / | third, three, path, bath, author |
g (перед e, i, y) | / ɡ / | give, get |
g (перед a, o, u) | / ɡ / | game, gold, gum |
gue | / ɡ / | dialogue |
gui | / ɡ / | guide |
gu (после согласной) | / ɡw / | language |
c (перед a, o, u) | / k / | cold, cave, cure |
k | / k / | keep, seek |
ck | / k / | clock, kick, sick, chicken, truck |
ch | / k / | chemistry, stomach, chorus |
x | / ks / | box, fox, wax |
x | / ɡz / | exam, exhibit |
sk | / sk / | skate, skill |
sch | / sk / | scheme, school |
sc | / sk / | scarf, scare |
squ | / skw / | squirrel |
qu | / kw / | quite, quick, request, queen, require |
wr | / r / | wrong, write, wrap, wreath |
ed (после звонких) | / d / | turned |
ed (после t, d) | / ɪd / | waited, nodded |
g (перед e, i, y) | / dʒ / | general, gin, gym |
age | / dʒ / | cottage, village |
ege | / dʒ / | college |
j (в начале слова) | / dʒ / | jeans, joy |
dg | / dʒ / | knowledge, fridge, bridge, budget |
ng | / ŋ / | lung, strong, taking, song, string |
ng | / ŋɡ / | single, jungle |
nk | / ŋk / | tank, bank, think, pink, sink |
nc | / ŋk / | uncle, anchor, function, sanction |
mb | / m / | numb, thumb, limb, climb, tomb |
ph | / v / | nephew |
wh | / w / | why, white, where, when |
who | / h / | who, whom |
kh | / h / | Tchinghiz Khan |
ed (после глухих, кроме t) | / t / | watched, looked |
z | / z / | zoo, zebra, zone |
s (между гласными, перед i, u) | / z / | music, physics |
s (окончание после звонких) | / z / | dogs, rolls |
es (окончание) | / ɪz / | watches, bases |