При конвертации прямой речи в косвенную (Reported Speech) необходимо сделать несколько преобразований: соотнести лица, времена и обстоятельства. Золотое правило: если главное предложение в прошедшем, то и придаточное запрошедшивается в соответствии с правилами согласования времен.
| Правило | Пример |
|---|---|
| 1. Если главное предложение в прошедшем времени, то придаточное конвертируется в соответствии с правилами согласования времен | She said, ’I am well today’. She said she was well that day. |
| 2. В разговорной речи эта замена может не производиться, если события все еще актуальны | She said she was / is in London. |
| 3. Если главное предложение в будущем или настоящем времени, то согласование времен не производится | She says she is flying to London. |
| 4. Past Simple — Past Perfect | He told me he had been to London. |
| 5. Если Вы указываете кому что-либо было сказано, то используйте told / said to: | He told me he had been to London. He said to me he had been to London. |
| 6. Если не указываете, тогда — said | He said he had been to London. What did he say to you? What did he tell you? |
| 7. В косвенном вопросе меняем глагол ask на: | wondered wanted to know replied answered |
| 8. Некоторые высказывания заменяем глаголами | All right — agreed/liked No — refused Let’s… — suggested (doing) |
| 9. told (smb.) и ask (smb) имеет также смысл приказа, просьбы | Keep quiet! — He told me to keep quiet. Shut the door! — He asked me to shut the door. |
| 11. Замена модальных глаголов их прошедшими формами или их эквивалентами в прошедшей форме | can — could may — might shall — should will — would to be to — was / were to to have to — had to must — had to |
| 12. Обратите внимание, что can и may заменяем не только на could и might | We could go…Мы могли бы (наш выбор) пойти… We were not able to go…Мы не смогли (обстоятельства не позволили) пойти… We might go…Мы можем (возможно) поехать… We were not allowed to go…Мы не могли (нам не разрешили) поехать… |
| 13. В пассивном залоге есть только: | would / should be done would / should have been done |
| 14. В пассивном залоге нет: | would be being done would have been being done |
| Прямая | Косвенная |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Present Simple/Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Future Simple | Future-in-the-Past Simple |
| Future Continuous | Future-in-the-Past Continuous |
| Future Perfect | Future-in-the-Past Perfect |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Future-in-the-Past Perfect Continuous |
| Прямая | Косвенная |
|---|---|
| now — сейчас | then — тогда |
| today — сегодня | that day — в тот день |
| tomorrow — завтра | (the) next day, the following day — на следующий день |
| yesterday — вчера | the day before, the previous day — накануне |
| next week — на следующей неделе | the next week, the following week — на следующей неделе |
| next year — на будущий год | the next year, the following year — в следующем году |
| last week — на прошлой неделе | the previous week — за неделю до |
| last year — в прошлом году | the year before — за год до |
| Прямая | Косвенная |
|---|---|
| here — здесь | there — там |
| this, these — это, этот, эти | that, those — то, тот, те |
| Прямая | Косвенная |
|---|---|
| You are pretty. You are so intelligent. You dance so well. You’ve got [have got] lovely hair. I’ll never forget this day. | He said I was pretty. He said I was so intelligent. He said I danced so well. He said I had got lovely hair. He said he would never forget that day. |
| Do you like ballet? Have you ever been to Boston? | He asked me if/whether I liked ballet. He asked me if/whether I had ever been to Boston. |
| Where do you study? What are you reading? When will we meet again? Why don’t you stay longer? | He asked me where I studied. He asked me what I was reading. He asked me when I should meet him again. He asked me why I didn’t stay longer. |
| Give me your telephone number, please. Ring me up tomorrow. Help me to translate an article from English! | He asked me to give him my telephone number. He asked me to ring him up the next morning. He asked me to help him to translate an article from English. |
Объясните преобразование времен:
It will have been raining for a month by the time we come back if the forecast is right.
It would have been raining for a month by the time we came back if the forecast was right.
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